Chris Brennan (born 1984), historian and astrologer, is the leading voice of the modern Hellenistic revival. Author of Hellenistic Astrology: The Study of Fate and Fortune and host of The Astrology Podcast, he restored the philosophical and technical foundations of ancient astrology, revealing it as a living art of cosmic order and conscious participation.
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Vettius Valens, the 2nd-century astrologer of Alexandria, wrote the Anthology—a monumental fusion of mathematics, mysticism, and lived experience. Unlike Ptolemy, Valens saw astrology as a spiritual discipline rather than a science. His work introduced planetary joys, time-lords, and fate as participation in cosmic order—making him the most authentic voice of the Hellenistic tradition.
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Liz Greene (born 1946), a Jungian analyst and astrologer, pioneered psychological astrology by integrating depth psychology, myth, and the symbolic language of the planets. Her works, including Saturn: A New Look at an Old Devil and The Astrology of Fate, transformed astrology into a tool of self-understanding and inner growth.
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Dorotheus of Sidon, a 1st-century CE astrologer and poet, authored the Carmen Astrologicum, the earliest systematic manual of horoscopic astrology. His five-book poem established triplicity rulerships, predictive methods, and the foundations of horary and electional astrology. Translated through Persian and Arabic scholars, his influence shaped a thousand years of Western astrological tradition.
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Howard Sasportas (1948–1992), co-founder of the Centre for Psychological Astrology with Liz Greene, brought warmth, depth, and humanity to modern astrology. Author of The Twelve Houses and The Luminaries, he helped redefine astrology as a language of psychological insight and compassion. His work made astrology a guide for self-awareness and healing.
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Claudius Ptolemy, the 2nd-century scholar of Alexandria, authored the Tetrabiblos, transforming astrology into a rational science. Integrating Aristotelian physics and cosmic harmony, Ptolemy distinguished legitimate astrology from superstition and set the philosophical foundation that shaped Western thought for centuries.
Jeffrey Wolf Green (1946–2016), founder of Evolutionary Astrology, redefined astrology as the study of the soul’s evolution across lifetimes. His works Pluto: The Evolutionary Journey of the Soul and Pluto: The Soul’s Evolution Through Relationships reveal astrology as a sacred psychology of transformation, guiding humanity toward spiritual freedom.
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Firmicus Maternus, a 4th-century Roman astrologer and philosopher, authored Matheseos Libri VIII, the last great Latin treatise of classical astrology. Blending Stoic cosmology, moral philosophy, and divine law, he envisioned astrology as sacred science. Later converting to Christianity, Firmicus became a bridge between the pagan cosmos and spiritual introspection.
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Richard Tarnas (born 1950), philosopher and cultural historian, revived astrology as a serious discipline of meaning through his works The Passion of the Western Mind and Cosmos and Psyche. Drawing on Jungian archetypes and planetary cycles, he revealed a participatory cosmos in which human consciousness and celestial patterns unfold together in profound synchrony.
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Al-Kindi (Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi), the 9th-century philosopher of Baghdad, gave astrology a rational foundation. In his De Radiis Stellarum, he described celestial influence through natural “rays,” uniting Greek philosophy, optics, and astrology. His ideas shaped both Islamic and European thought, transforming astrology into a science of harmony and cosmic causation.
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